A-Z of multiple sclerosis explained

Multiple Sclerosis, a nervous system disorder, can lead to a host of problems such as muscle weakness, memory complications, trouble with coordination and balance, and a numbness sensation.

In extreme cases, the person may also lose the ability to speak, write or walk. This disease directly affects the brain and spinal cord, and is generally observed to be more common in women than in men. This condition affects the myelin sheath of the brain, blocking the transmission of message between your brain and body.

Early warning signs of multiple sclerosis. One of the most common early signs of multiple sclerosis can be rapid visual changes and agonizing eye movements. Sudden loss of strength in arms and legs, along with other parts of the body or difficulty in breathing should be immediately checked for multiple sclerosis. Please make sure not to take these early warning signs as a sign of old age and check these signs with a healthcare professional immediately.

Causes of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis is caused because of the damage to the myelin sheath, the covering that protects the nerve cells in the brain. This further leads to inflammation of the damaged nerve around the area of the spinal cord, brain or optic nerve. People with a family history of multiple sclerosis are generally more likely to get this disease. Also, do note that over-exposure to the sun, stress or hot baths combined with fever can worsen the causes of multiple sclerosis.

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Mentioned below is a detailed low-down of some of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis:

• Difficulty in walking.
• Lack of body and posture balance.
• Muscle spasms.
• Complications in moving arms and legs.
• Frequent need to urinate.
• Eye discomfort and the problem of double vision.
• Facial pain.
• Hearing loss.
• Problems with vaginal lubrication and erection.
• Difficulty in chewing and swallowing.

Tests for multiple sclerosis. A detailed eye examination, and stomach check, along with a neurological test is done in order to identify multiple sclerosis. Other than these, some case-specific tests may include lumbar puncture, CSF oligoclonal banding, MRI scan of the brain and nerve function study.

Treatment to combat multiple sclerosis. Even though scientifically, there is no cure identified for multiple sclerosis, there are a few therapies that might slow the progress of the disease and slow the progression of the disease symptoms. A few medications, which might be used to treat the problem of muscle spasms are lioresal (Baclofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex), or a benzodiazepine.

Other than these, one can go for physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and make use of assistive devices, such as wheelchairs, shower chairs, walkers and so on. However, ensure that none of this is self-prescribed or self-medicated. Consulting a specialist is a must for anyone suspected of multiple sclerosis.